Pengaruh Faktor Individu dan Situasi Terhadap Tingkah Laku Etika dalam Organisasi: Peranan Program Etika sebagai Konstruk Penyederhana

This research aims to identify the personal and situational factors affecting ethical  behaviour in an organisation and whether the organisation’s ethics programme moderates these relationships. Personal factors, namely moral judgement represented by idealism and relativism dimensions, as well as two situational factors which are influence of significant others on ethical behaviour and the opportunity to produce unethical behaviour are theorised as factors directly influencing ethical behaviour in an organisation whereas the ethics programme is theorised to be a moderating factor. This research employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted at the Royal Malaysian Customs Department. The research population consisted of all officers in the Customs Service Scheme for position grades of W17 to W52 assigned to customs offices nationwide. The PLS-SEM path analysis conducted using a sample size of 311 showed that two factors, namely idealism and influence of significant others on ethical behaviour, positively influenced ethical behaviour in an organisation while the other two factors, namely relativism and opportunity to produce unethical behaviour, could not be proved as factors that influenced ethical behaviour in an organisation. The research results also showed that the ethics programme did not directly influence ethical behaviour but the potential to moderate influence of idealism on ethical behaviour. It is recommended that the organisation makes idealism a selection criterion for new personnel and assigns personnel to a condusive workplace for unethical behaviour, implements a role modelling programme and continues to strengthen the implementation of the ethics programme through two approaches - value orientation and compliance orientation. In the future, it is recommended that research be conducted in a multi-organisation layout using an experimental design. It is also recommended that a scale measuring the effect or impact of the ethics programme on the personnel of an organisation be developed