Reduce energy consumption in the wireless sensor network by using EEL-MAC protocol

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes are broadly used in various sectors. Over the years, WSN has emerged as an enabler to collect and process data from remote locations or disaster areas. WSNs rely on hardware simplicity to make sensor field deployments both affordable and long-lasting without maintenance support.
However, the WSN nodes experience a lot of problems such as, overhearing, collision, hidden terminal, idle listening and high latency, which resulted in high energy consumption, thus limiting the lifetime of the node. Moreover, WSN nodes are strongly dependent on their limited battery power, and replenishing them again is difficult. Therefore, this research investigates the energy-efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols designed to extend both the lifetime by effective energy management through a reduction in idle time and increased sleep time for nodes to save energy. This study also aims to reduce the latency between nodes and sink
node. The EEL-MAC hybrid MAC protocol starts by a synchronization phase using TDMA to synchronize all nodes in the sensor field. In the second phase the scheme uses the CSMA mechanism for communication between nodes and the sink node. In this study makes two significant contributions to wireless sensor networks. First, the EEL-MAC protocol offers significant energy savings and prolongs network lifetime. The second contribution is the introduction of high response, by designing a one-hop communication to reduce both end-to-end delay and latency.