Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small sensor devices, which are connected wirelessly for sensing and delivering specific data to Base Station (BS). Routing protocols in WSN becomes an active area for both researchers and industrial, due to its responsibility for
delivering data, extending network lifetime, reducing the delay and saving the node’s
energy. According to hierarchical approach, chain base routing protocol is a promising type
that can prolong the network lifetime and decrease the energy consumption. However, it is
still suffering from long/single chain impacts such as delay, data redundancy, distance
between the neighbors, chain head (CH) energy consumption and bottleneck. This research
proposes a Deterministic Chain-Based Routing Protocol (DCBRP) for uniform nodes deployment, which consists of Backbone Construction Mechanism (BCM), Chain Heads Selection mechanism (CHS) and Next Hop Connection mechanism (NHC). BCM is responsible for chain construction by using multi chain concept, so it will divide the network to specific number of clusters depending on the number of columns. While, CHS is
answerable on the number of chain heads and CH nodes selection based on their ability for
data delivery. On the other hand, NHC is responsible for next hop connection in each row
based on the energy and distance between the nodes to eliminate the weak nodes to be in the
main chain. Network Simulator 3 (ns-3) is used to simulate DCBRP and it is evaluated with
the closest routing protocols in the deterministic deployment in WSN, which are Chain-Cluster Mixed protocol (CCM) and Two Stage Chain based Protocol (TSCP). The results
show that DCBRP outperforms CCM and TSCP in terms of end to end delay, CH energy consumption, overall energy consumption, network lifetime and energy*delay metrics. DCBRP or one of its mechanisms helps WSN applications by extending the sensor nodes lifetime and saving the energy for sensing purposes as long as possible.