Pengaruh kepimpinan servant, personaliti proaktif, ciri sosial reka bentuk kerja terhadap gelagat kewarganegaraan organisasi

Transformation in the national education, a dynamic education environment, and limited resource capability do not allow schools to function effectively if teachers are solely working on their own tasks. Hence, the educational sector greatly depends on teachers who are willing to exhibit OCB which is discretionary behaviour beyond their own tasks. Particularly, this study aims to investigate the influence of servant leadership, proactive personality, and social job design characteristics towards organizational citizenship behaviour. This study also explores the mediating effect of social job design characteristics towards the relationship between servant leadership and proactive personality with organisational citizenship behaviour. The theory of social exchange and relational approach were used to explain the relationship of each variables in the research conceptual model. In this research, a total of 610 questionnaires were distributed to the public secondary school teachers at Perlis, Kedah, Penang and Perak. From the total, only 466 samples were used for analysis purpose. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques was employed to analyse the direct and indirect relationships between the variables. The result revealed that proactive personality and social job design characteristics have a positive and significant direct influence towards organisational citizenship behaviour. Furthermore, servant leadership influences the organisational citizenship behaviour indirectly through full mediation of social job design characteristics. On the contrary, social job design characteristics partially mediated the relationship of proactive personality and organisational citizenship behaviour. Therefore, the findings suggested that the school leaders and policy makers to emphasise on the servant leadership practice among the principals, to develop the social job design characteristics in schools and to encourage teachers to be more proactive in improving the organisational citizenship behaviour. Finally, theoretical and practical implications, limitation, and suggestion for future research were also discussed.