Kajian Budaya Kualiti Di Dalam Industri Kecil Dan Sederhana

This research on Quality Culture in Small Medium Industries is done with the aim of getting feedback on the 13 elements of quality culture as practiced in the daily operation of the company. The research model is postulated to find out the extent this organisation is capable of evolving culture as part of the survival of the organisation.
The literature review highlighted on quality evolution dates from the 1930’s quoting from such known historical figures as W.A. Shewhart, Deming, Juran, Crosby till the modern figures of Tom Peters, Ishikawa and Taguchi. Quality phases identified are Quality Control, Quality
Measures, Quality Improvement and lastly Strategic Quality.
Quality concepts explains the ramification and guidelines to improve quality done by researchers and consultants involved in quality work e.g. Juran. Whereas quality culture espouses human behaviour in organisation researched by modern day researchers like Schein: 1990,
Rose: 1988, Jermier et.al.: 1991, Wilkinson et.al.: 1994, Simon: 1991, Cohen: 1991, Cole: 1989, 1991, Grant et.al: 1994, Trite and Bayer: 1991 and A.B. Rani, Shani et.al.: 1994.
As PUNB is categorised under SMI development, comments on SMI and their role in developing BCIC are detailed. Besides this, other organisation, like MITI and MIEL as well as vendor development program by Telekom Malaysia Berhad, Tenaga Nasional Berhad and PETRONAS are highlighted.
In developing the theoretical framework, quality culture as emphasised by organisational expert like Ho, Samuel K.M & Svetbina Cicmil: 1995, Schermerhorn, John R., et.al.: 1994, John, Gary: 1996 expounds that quality culture can be learned and applied. Research by Mohd Salmi Sohod and Rushaimi Zen Yusof 1996 divides evolution into four eras
with each contributing to the present day quality. Juran: 1992 explain that community behaviour encompasses beliefs, habits and practices contribute to the characteristics of quality culture. However Schein: 1990, Rose: 1988, Jermier et.al.: 1991 emphasised the existence of “multiple culture”, “subculture” and “countercultures” However for
Wilkinson etal.: 1994, Simon: 1991, Cohen: 1991 found that the absorption of quality culture is difficult to be implemented in organisations. On the other hand Cole: 1989, 1991, Grant etal.: 1994 revealed the strong link between quality and leadership culture in an
organisation. Lastly Trite and Bayer: 1991 explained that leadership culture that influenced organisation and quality improvement includes individual quality, current status, vision and mission of followers, leadership, behaviour, individual developmenrt, administrative actions,
cultural and tradisional practices.
The research methodologies employed is case studies on three companies under the umbrella of PUNB focused on Quality Culture in these organisation. Descriptive Statistical Analysis is used to evaluate the case studies. Research respondents are the three associate companies of PUNB located in Sungai Petani, Kedah consisting of 23 1
employees from different rank and tile.
The findings conclude that the level of practice and acceptance of quality culture on the whole is satisfactory except that Awareness and Q Culture are agreed as important. A continuous process is necessary so that organisational culture can continue to be improved and practice by the organisational community.