The influence of technological, organisational, and environmental factors on GSCM adoption among SMEs in Nigeria: The moderating effect of innovation capability

The rise in global competition has led businesses to adopt a more methodical approach to supply chain management, prompting them to re-evaluate the importance of green practices. Furthermore, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing nations face intense pressure to adopt Green Supply Chain practices to enhance their environmental and economic performance, as global resources diminish and environmental issues escalate. Therefore, this study examines the influence of Technological, Organizational, and Environmental (TOE) factors on adopting green supply chain management among SMEs in Nigeria. This study introduces innovation capabilities as a moderating variable to the TOE model in adopting Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) among SMEs in Nigeria. Random sampling was used to select the sample size from the total population. Out of the 575 questionnaires distributed, 386 were included in the final analysis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and PLS-SEM assessment. Seven hypotheses were tested using the measurement model and structural model. However, only six hypotheses received empirical support. Specifically, the findings revealed that the TOE factor is a predictive element for the effective adoption of GSCM among SMEs in Nigeria. Also, introducing innovation capability as a moderating effect enhances the relationship between technology, environmental and GSCM adoption. However, an organisational factor is not moderated by innovation capability. Therefore, the influence of TOE factors is essential in positively impacting GSCM adoption among SMEs in Nigeria. The role of innovation capability is important in creating alignment between TOE factors and GSCM adoption in Nigerian SMEs. The study is useful for stakeholders in Nigeria to be more environmentally sustainable in their operations. The study also helps the wholesale and retail sectors to be more proactive in its business operations. Finally, this study contributes to the limited literature and theories on the subject while providing new areas for future research.