Design and evaluation of animation-based video modeling to enhance user experience for ASD leaners

User Experience (UX) concept has been widely studied, and integrated in various interactive applications for the benefit of various societies. Numerous videos have been created for educational and training purposes. However, most of the videos were developed for normal learners, which is very rare for learners with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Existing videos have been found as lacking entertainment value and fail to evoke enjoyment, resulting in boredom among learners. Furthermore, those videos are not always helpful. This raises the following challenges: (1) How do we ensure that ASD students consider learning content to be entertaining and enjoyable? (2) Can entertaining and enjoyable learning content be helpful to ASD students? In addressing these challenges, this study proposes a conceptual model of Animationbased Video Modeling Assisted Learning for ASD (aVMAL4ASD), which can promote positive user experience by ensuring the ASD learners feel entertained, enjoyed, and helped. The main aim of this study is to propose the aVMAL4ASD conceptual model, in enhancing user experience by ensuring engaging, enjoyable, and helpful learning content for ASD learners. This study employs the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), comprising four key phases: (1) requirement analysis, (2) model development, (3) model validation (through expert review and prototyping), and (4) evaluation (via user experience testing). The proposed model has been validated through expert review and prototyping. As a result, it has been positively accepted by five experts. Additionally, the findings of UX testing indicate that the video produced with incorporation of the aVMAL4ASD model promote entertaining and enjoyable experiences for ASD learners. Meanwhile, its performance in the helpful dimension shows a slim increase, especially in independently completing the drawing. The research provides sufficient contributions in theoretical and practical aspects