The determinance of safety compliance in a manufacturing company in Penang

he manufacturing industry is inherently exposed to high occupational safety risks, making employees’ compliance with safety procedures critically important. This study examined the influence of safety training, safety communication, and safety knowledge on safety compliance among employees in the manufacturing sector. A quantitative research approach was employed using census sampling, whereby all employees in the selected manufacturing organizations were invited to participate. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and a total of 147 valid responses were analysed using SPSS version 29. The reliability analysis indicated acceptable internal consistency for all study variables, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.781 for safety compliance, 0.781 for safety training, 0.597 for safety communication, and 0.800 for safety knowledge. The results of the correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed that safety training, safety communication, and safety knowledge were positively associated with safety compliance. Safety training emerged as the strongest predictor of safety compliance, followed by safety communication, indicating that employees who receive adequate training and clear safety-related information are more likely to comply with safety procedures. Although safety knowledge showed a positive relationship with safety compliance, it did not significantly predict compliance when analyzed alongside the other variables, suggesting a supportive rather than a direct role. Overall, the findings emphasize the critical role of effective safety training and communication in enhancing safety compliance, while safety knowledge reinforces these efforts. The study provides valuable practical insights for organizations seeking to strengthen safety management practices within the manufacturing industry.