Examining Cyberbullying Factors Among Adolescents: A Grounded Theory Approach

The current research seeks to bridge the gaps in the discourse of cyber bullying phenomenon, with a focus on the factors governing cyber bullying among teenagers in Malaysia. This research examined specifically the perpetrators or causes of cyber bullying, its context and current condition that has most likely influenced the perpetrators, the phenomenon, coping strategies and the effects of cyber bullying. A total of 105 teenagers between the age of 12 and 18 from five schools in Perlis were interviewed in depth using the Grounded Theory approach. Data were analysed through the processes of coding and categorising (open, axial and selective) in constructing a model. A paradigm model was identified based on the interviews. The elements produced from the model are: (i) contributors of cyber bullying; (ii) phenomenon; (iii) informant coping strategies, and (iv) the effects of the strategies used. Specific cyber bullying issues, characteristics of parents or care takers and peer pressure were identified as influencing the teenagers’ behaviour as perpetrators of cyber bullying. The phenomena have both positive and negative effects from the acts of cyber bullying. Coping strategies, such as active, aggressive, cognitive and avoidance were parts of the teenagers’ attempts in overcoming the negative impact of cyber bullying. The outcome of the strategies has led to a healthier life for the victims. The paradigm model could be used as a guideline in dealing with technology abuse among teenagers as these abuses could consequently lead to cyber bullying. This model could be used to find ways to help teenagers overcome the occurrence of this problem. This research can benefit all parties, namely the teenagers, parents, teachers and other stake holders in an effort to reduce the occurrence of cyber bullying