The association of external auditor's attributes with management fraud risk assessment in financial reporting: empirical evidence from Yemen

As stated by the International Standard of Auditing (ISA No. 240), the effectiveness of the external auditors' attributes is the primary process in management fraud risk
assessment (MFRA). Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the associations of external auditor effectiveness-related attributes and independent-related factors with MFRA in the context of Yemen. To achieve the objective of this study, questionnaires were distributed out to 410 external auditors working in private audit firms and the Yemeni Central Organization for Control and Accounting (COCA) for the year 2012. A total of 273 questionnaires were returned back out of which 19 were unusable. As such, the final sample of this study consists of 254 external auditors. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the study's hypotheses. This study finds positive associations of the external auditor's effectiveness score and external
auditor's independence score with MFRA. Furthermore, questioning discussion ability, professional qualification, fraud detection experience, information technology (IT) skill, training on fraud detection, and social relationships are reported to have positive and significant associations with MFRA, while job position is found to have a negative association. The findings of this study indicate that Yemeni government and COCA should issue new regulations to increase the external auditors' awareness and effectiveness towards MFRA. This study also indicates that the audit profession in Yemen needs more control, regulations, laws and policies to enhance the structure of the external auditors' decision in issues related to MFRA in
order to protect the interests of demand-supply sides of audit services and the related parties. Moreover, this study has implications for the Yemeni policy makers and
government to enrich the external auditors' effectiveness and independence by issuing new regulations, new laws, and applying more control on the quality of auditing profession to protect the economy and the society stability.