Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi perkhidmatan awam kajian kes di kalangan pekerja awam dan swasta di Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

Public Service Motivation (PSM) could be defined as an altruistic motivation to serve the interest of a community of people, a state, a nation, or humanity. It is a concept that denotes the commitment to the public service, pursuit of the public interest, and desire to perform work that is worthwhile to society. PSM is a new concept in public management study. So far, most PSM studies focused more on comparisons between public and private employees in the Western or other developed countries, and almost no study has been conducted in developing countries. In addition, most of PSM theories tended to generalize the prevalence of PSM among employees and often ignore cultural dimensions in their analysis. There are assumptions as if PSM theories are cross-culturally viable. But in fact, the PSM is a nascent theory that need to be proved with any fruitful studies, especially among employees in developing countries that might be have different cultures, beliefs, and views on the importance of financial rewards, etc. This study examined the application of the PSM theories in Indonesia as a developing country, especially in Padang West Sumatera. The objective of this study is to test the existing PSM argument related to the difference of PSM levels between public and private employees and to explore the influence of PSM on job performance and organizational effectiveness. Rational choice theories and the other PSM theories had been used in analyzing the finding of this study. Using the frequency and percentage, chi-square of cross tabulation, t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression on responses by 417 respondents of public and
201 of private sector employees, this study tested the difference of PSM levels between
the two sector employees, the factors that will determine the level of PSM, and the influence of the PSM on the job performance and organizational effectiveness. The findings of this study indicated that: 1) There is a significant difference in the level of PSM between public and private sector employees in Padang West Sumatera. The level of PSM of public employees tend to be lower than that of private sector; 2) Some of demographic correlates/characteristics are significantly correlated to the level of PSM, but some of them are not; 3) There are significant correlations between family socialization, religious socialization, religious implementation, and work purposes and their level of PSM as a whole. However, there is no significant correlation between the involvement in voluntarism activities and the level of PSM as a whole; 4) There is a significant influence of the level of PSM as a whole on job performance and organizational effectiveness. The results of this study imply that PSM theory is not cross-culturally viable. They also imply that PSM is very important as a basis in understanding and improving the administration and management of public services.