The impact of key port infrastructure elements on supply chain resilience: A case study of Wilhelmsen Port Services in Malaysia

Despite increasing attention on supply chain resilience (SCR), limited empirical research has been conducted on how port infrastructure contributes to SCR within the Malaysian context. Many factors can influence resilience in supply chains, yet few studies have systematically evaluated the roles of specific infrastructure components. This study investigates the specific contribution of key port infrastructure elements that affect performance of resilient supply chains. The research focuses on Wilhelmsen Port Services (WPS) in Malaysia as a case study to understand how terminal capacity and berth availability, port equipment and handling technology and hinterland connectivity (road, rail, and inland waterway) influence SCR. The study also explores the moderating effect of port disruption types in the relationship between infrastructure elements and resilience outcomes. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, involving quantitative survey data from 196 WPS professionals and qualitative insights through open-ended responses. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, Multiple Regression, and Thematic Analysis. Results revealed that all three infrastructure components have significant and positive effects on SCR, with port equipment and handling technology having the strongest influence. Thematic findings supported the quantitative results and highlighted key operational challenges such as equipment downtime, yard congestion, and poor inland connectivity. This research contributes to both academic literature and practical port development by offering evidence-based recommendations to strengthen port resilience through strategic infrastructure investment.