Model of supply chain practices towards sustainable supply chain management for the Jordanian pharmaceutical industry

The pharmaceutical sector in Jordan is evolving rapidly, becoming more advanced and competitive on a global scale. This shift underscores the importance of implementing effective supply chain management (SCM) practices that promote sustainability in social, economic, and environmental aspects. This study examines the perceptions of top managers in Jordan's pharmaceutical industry regarding their SCM practices, the role of information and communication technology (ICT), and the impact on the sustainability of the supply chain. A key contribution of this research is the development of a new theoretical framework that links supply chain practices (SCP) including supplier partnerships, customer relationships, the level and quality of information sharing, and postponement with sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), conceptualized through the environmental, economic, and social pillars. ICT acts as a mediating factor in this relationship. This study uses a quantitative research approach, employing a structured questionnaire to collect data from 313 managers, resulting in a 95.8% response rate. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), with bootstrapping techniques applied for hypothesis testing to evaluate direct and indirect relationships within the model. Sixteen hypotheses were tested using the measurement model and structural model. However, only ten hypotheses received empirical support. The findings support most of the proposed hypotheses, demonstrating ICT's direct, indirect, and mediating roles on SCP and SSCM. The model explained 61% of the variance in sustainability outcomes, highlighting the significant impact of supply chain practices on sustainable performance. This research provides valuable insights for pharmaceutical companies in Jordan, offering a roadmap for enhancing their sustainability initiatives through improved SCM practices. It highlights the importance of integrating ICT to drive sustainable outcomes, assisting managers in addressing current and future supply chain challenges