Peranan strategik felda dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosioekonomi: analisis kritikal pelaksanaan di kawasan terpilih, 2015-2024

This study critically analyses FELDA's strategic role in improving the socioeconomic well-being of communities in six selected settlements in Johor, Pahang, and Negeri Sembilan from 2015 to 2024. Using a qualitative approach based on the Institutional Theory, this study examines the implementation of FELDA's development programs, the effectiveness of strategies in addressing contemporary challenges, and the gap between strategic planning and implementation realities. Through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis, key findings reveal uneven implementation of FELDA's new economic development model across different settlements, critical generational transition issues with the average settler age reaching 65 years, while youth participation in agricultural activities remains at only 25%, and significant gaps between strategic planning and program implementation. Significant discoveries include the effectiveness of intergenerational mediation approaches in digital transformation at FELDA Jengka, where 75% of settlers use smart farming applications compared to the national average of 35%, and the success of digital entrepreneurship programs despite infrastructure constraints. Five main factors contributing to implementation gaps were identified, including complex bureaucratic structures, misalignment between program objectives and resources, variations in local contexts not accounted for in centralised planning, weak coordination among various stakeholders, and ineffective monitoring systems. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of how rural development institutions adapt to challenges in the digital era and challenges associated with climate change. It also provides practical solutions for enhancing the effectiveness of FELDA's development programs through more context-sensitive approaches, innovative youth engagement strategies, and integrated institutional transformation to ensure long-term sustainability.