Impak pelantikan ahli politik ke jawatan perkhidmatan awam: kajian kes di negeri Melaka, sejak pilihanraya umum ke-13.

The appointment of politicians to civil service positions has become a global phenomenon that raises concerns about its impact on governance quality, bureaucratic performance, and public trust. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of appointing politicians to civil service positions in the state of Melaka, Malaysia, since the 13th General Election, from 2013 to 2021, by examining its impact on governance, performance, accountability, and public perception. The specific objectives are to evaluate the impact of political appointments on governance quality, compare performance between politically appointed and non-political civil servants, examine changes in accountability levels, analyze public perception and trust, and provide recommendations for improvement. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving 20 participants consisting of 5 politically appointed civil servants, 5 career civil servants, 3 retired civil servants, 3 representatives from civil society organizations, and 4 academics and experts in public administration and governance, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, non-participant observations, and document analysis. Data analysis utilized thematic analysis, content analysis, and constant comparative analysis based on Principal-Agent Theory. Findings reveal that political appointments have had mixed effects on governance, with improved responsiveness to public needs but also raising concerns about politicization and reduced neutrality. The performance of politically appointed civil servants shows significant variation compared to their counterparts, with strengths in public engagement but weaknesses in technical expertise. Accountability levels have declined due to conflicts of interest and political interference. Public perception and trust in the civil service decreased by 10% since political appointments were implemented. In conclusion, this practice requires comprehensive reforms including merit-based appointment processes, enhanced transparency and accountability, and strengthened oversight mechanisms to ensure better governance in Melaka's civil service.